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Key Generators For Mac

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  • Class

Class Mac

    • javax.crypto.Mac
  • All Implemented Interfaces:
    Cloneable

    This class provides the functionality of a 'Message Authentication Code' (MAC) algorithm.

    A MAC provides a way to check the integrity of information transmitted over or stored in an unreliable medium, based on a secret key. Typically, message authentication codes are used between two parties that share a secret key in order to validate information transmitted between these parties.

    A MAC mechanism that is based on cryptographic hash functions is referred to as HMAC. HMAC can be used with any cryptographic hash function, e.g., SHA256 or SHA384, in combination with a secret shared key. HMAC is specified in RFC 2104.

    Every implementation of the Java platform is required to support the following standard Mac algorithms:

    • HmacMD5
    • HmacSHA1
    • HmacSHA256
    These algorithms are described in the Mac section of the Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation. Consult the release documentation for your implementation to see if any other algorithms are supported.
    Since:
    1.4

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    • Constructor Summary

      Constructors
      ModifierConstructor and Description
      protected Mac(MacSpi macSpi, Provider provider, String algorithm)

    • Method Summary

      Methods
      Modifier and TypeMethod and Description
      Objectclone()
      Returns a clone if the provider implementation is cloneable.
      byte[]doFinal()
      byte[]doFinal(byte[] input)
      Processes the given array of bytes and finishes the MAC operation.
      voiddoFinal(byte[] output, int outOffset)
      StringgetAlgorithm()
      Returns the algorithm name of this Mac object.
      static MacgetInstance(String algorithm)
      Returns a Mac object that implements the specified MAC algorithm.
      static MacgetInstance(String algorithm, Provider provider)
      Returns a Mac object that implements the specified MAC algorithm.
      static MacgetInstance(String algorithm, String provider)
      Returns a Mac object that implements the specified MAC algorithm.
      intgetMacLength()
      ProvidergetProvider()
      Returns the provider of this Mac object.
      voidinit(Key key)
      voidinit(Key key, AlgorithmParameterSpec params)
      Initializes this Mac object with the given key and algorithm parameters.
      voidreset()
      voidupdate(byte input)
      Processes the given byte.
      voidupdate(byte[] input)
      voidupdate(byte[] input, int offset, int len)
      Processes the first len bytes in input, starting at offset inclusive.
      voidupdate(ByteBuffer input)
      Processes input.remaining() bytes in the ByteBuffer input, starting at input.position().

      • Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

        equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
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    • Constructor Detail

      • Mac

        Parameters:
        macSpi - the delegate
        provider - the provider
        algorithm - the algorithm

    • Method Detail

      • getAlgorithm

        Returns the algorithm name of this Mac object.

        This is the same name that was specified in one of the getInstance calls that created this Mac object.

        Returns:
        the algorithm name of this Mac object.

      • getInstance

        Returns a Mac object that implements the specified MAC algorithm.

        This method traverses the list of registered security Providers, starting with the most preferred Provider. A new Mac object encapsulating the MacSpi implementation from the first Provider that supports the specified algorithm is returned.

        Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via the Security.getProviders() method.

        Parameters:
        algorithm - the standard name of the requested MAC algorithm. See the Mac section in the Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation for information about standard algorithm names.
        Returns:
        the new Mac object.
        Throws:
        NoSuchAlgorithmException - if no Provider supports a MacSpi implementation for the specified algorithm.
        See Also:
        Provider

      • getInstance

        Returns a Mac object that implements the specified MAC algorithm.

        A new Mac object encapsulating the MacSpi implementation from the specified provider is returned. The specified provider must be registered in the security provider list.

        Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via the Security.getProviders() method.

        Parameters:
        algorithm - the standard name of the requested MAC algorithm. See the Mac section in the Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation for information about standard algorithm names.
        provider - the name of the provider.
        Returns:
        the new Mac object.
        Throws:
        NoSuchAlgorithmException - if a MacSpi implementation for the specified algorithm is not available from the specified provider.
        NoSuchProviderException - if the specified provider is not registered in the security provider list.
        IllegalArgumentException - if the provider is null or empty.
        See Also:
        Provider

      • getInstance

        Returns a Mac object that implements the specified MAC algorithm.

        A new Mac object encapsulating the MacSpi implementation from the specified Provider object is returned. Note that the specified Provider object does not have to be registered in the provider list.

        Parameters:
        algorithm - the standard name of the requested MAC algorithm. See the Mac section in the Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation for information about standard algorithm names.
        provider - the provider.
        Returns:
        the new Mac object.
        Throws:
        NoSuchAlgorithmException - if a MacSpi implementation for the specified algorithm is not available from the specified Provider object.
        IllegalArgumentException - if the provider is null.
        See Also:
        Provider

      • getProvider

        Returns:
        the provider of this Mac object.

      • getMacLength

        Returns the length of the MAC in bytes.
        Returns:
        the MAC length in bytes.

      • init

        Parameters:
        key - the key.
        Throws:
        InvalidKeyException - if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this MAC.

      • init

        Initializes this Mac object with the given key and algorithm parameters.
        Parameters:
        key - the key.
        params - the algorithm parameters.
        Throws:
        InvalidKeyException - if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this MAC.
        InvalidAlgorithmParameterException - if the given algorithm parameters are inappropriate for this MAC.

      • update

        Parameters:
        input - the input byte to be processed.
        Throws:
        IllegalStateException - if this Mac has not been initialized.

      • update

        Processes the given array of bytes.
        Parameters:
        input - the array of bytes to be processed.
        Throws:
        IllegalStateException - if this Mac has not been initialized.

      • update

        Processes the first len bytes in input, starting at offset inclusive.
        Parameters:
        input - the input buffer.
        offset - the offset in input where the input starts.
        len - the number of bytes to process.
        Throws:
        IllegalStateException - if this Mac has not been initialized.

      • update

        Processes input.remaining() bytes in the ByteBuffer input, starting at input.position(). Upon return, the buffer's position will be equal to its limit; its limit will not have changed.
        Parameters:
        input - the ByteBuffer
        Throws:
        IllegalStateException - if this Mac has not been initialized.
        Since:
        1.5

      • doFinal

        Finishes the MAC operation.

        A call to this method resets this Mac object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to init(Key) or init(Key, AlgorithmParameterSpec). That is, the object is reset and available to generate another MAC from the same key, if desired, via new calls to update and doFinal. (In order to reuse this Mac object with a different key, it must be reinitialized via a call to init(Key) or init(Key, AlgorithmParameterSpec).

        Returns:
        the MAC result.
        Throws:
        IllegalStateException - if this Mac has not been initialized.

      • doFinal

        Finishes the MAC operation.

        A call to this method resets this Mac object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to init(Key) or init(Key, AlgorithmParameterSpec). That is, the object is reset and available to generate another MAC from the same key, if desired, via new calls to update and doFinal. (In order to reuse this Mac object with a different key, it must be reinitialized via a call to init(Key) or init(Key, AlgorithmParameterSpec). Acrobat reader for mac free.

        The MAC result is stored in output, starting at outOffset inclusive.

        Parameters:
        output - the buffer where the MAC result is stored
        outOffset - the offset in output where the MAC is stored
        Throws:
        ShortBufferException - if the given output buffer is too small to hold the result
        IllegalStateException - if this Mac has not been initialized.

      • doFinal

        Processes the given array of bytes and finishes the MAC operation.

        A call to this method resets this Mac object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to init(Key) or init(Key, AlgorithmParameterSpec). That is, the object is reset and available to generate another MAC from the same key, if desired, via new calls to update and doFinal. (In order to reuse this Mac object with a different key, it must be reinitialized via a call to init(Key) or init(Key, AlgorithmParameterSpec).

        Parameters:
        input - data in bytes
        Returns:
        the MAC result.
        Throws:
        IllegalStateException - if this Mac has not been initialized.

      • reset

        Resets this Mac object.

        A call to this method resets this Mac object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to init(Key) or init(Key, AlgorithmParameterSpec). That is, the object is reset and available to generate another MAC from the same key, if desired, via new calls to update and doFinal. (In order to reuse this Mac object with a different key, it must be reinitialized via a call to init(Key) or init(Key, AlgorithmParameterSpec).

      • clone

        Returns a clone if the provider implementation is cloneable.
        Overrides:
        clone in class Object
        Returns:
        a clone if the provider implementation is cloneable.
        Throws:
        CloneNotSupportedException - if this is called on a delegate that does not support Cloneable.
        See Also:
        Cloneable
  • Class
  • Summary:
  • Nested |
  • Field |
  • Constr |
  • Detail:
  • Field |
  • Constr |

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For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
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PuTTYgen is a key generator tool for creating pairs of public and private SSH keys. It is one of the components of the open-source networking client PuTTY. Although originally written for Microsoft Windows operating system, it is now officially available for multiple operating systems including macOS, Linux. PuTTYgen.exe is the graphical tool on Windows OS. While on the other side, Linux OS has the only command-line version could be accessible using SSH commands.

  • 1 Download PuTTYgen
    • 1.1 Download PuTTYgen on Windows
    • 1.2 Download PuTTYgen for Mac
    • 1.3 Download PuTTYgen for Ubuntu/Linux
      • 1.3.3 Types of Keys Supported on PuTTYgen

Puttygen aka Putty Key Generator

The key generation utility – PuTTYgen can create various public-key cryptosystems including Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA), Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA), and Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) keys.

The aforementioned public-key cryptosystems principally focus on secure data transmission and digital signatures.

Although PuTTYgen collects keys in its native file format i.e. .ppk files, the keys can easily be converted to any file format. For Windows, the software interface is PuTTYgen.exe, whereas, for Linux OS the command-line adaptation is available using SSH commands.

How to use PuTTYgen?

PuTTYgen is used to generate public or private key pair for creating SSH keys. Below is the complete guidance about how to generate RSA key in the Windows operating system:

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  1. Once you install the PuTTY on your machine, you can easily run PuTTYgen. For the same, go to Windows -> Start Menu -> All Programs -> PuTTY -> PuTTYgen.
  2. You will see the PuTTY key generator dialog box on your screen
  3. You will find a 'Generate' button in that dialog. Clicking on it will lead to generating the keys for you.
  4. Now you will need to add a unique key passphrase in the Key passphrase and Confirm passphrase field.
  5. Click on the 'Save Public Key' and 'Save Private Key' buttons to save your public and private keys.
  6. You will see the text starting with ssh-RSA in the Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys file field which is located at the top of the window. Copy that entire text to your clipboard by pressing ctrl+c as you will require the key to paste on your clipboard in the public key tool of control panel or directly on the cloud server.

Various Ways to Use RSA Key Pair

RSA key pair generated through PuTTYgen is used in two various ways defined as below:

  1. To assign while creating a new cloud server
    You can choose the public key from the given list of keys at the time of creating a cloud server. If you don't find your key in that list, then first add and then assign it.
  2. Assign to an existing cloud server
    At the time of connecting to the cloud server, first of all, you need to tell PuTTY to use it for utilizing your newly created RSA key pair.

PuTTYgen being a component of the terminal emulator PuTTY does not have to be downloaded separately, hence, comes with the PuTTY .msi installation package. You can follow the simple steps to download PuTTYgen software for your system. That is the reason why you don't need to download PuTTYgen separately. Once you download PuTTY software, you will be able to install and run PuTTYgen easily in no time. Below is the complete instruction about how to download and install PuTTY on Windows.

Apart from that, it is also integrated into third-party programs such as WinSCP installation package. Below you can find a complete PuTTYgen download and installation guide for all operating systems.

Download PuTTYgen on Windows

To download PuTTYgen the primary requisite is to acquire the copy of PuTTY installation package. For the 64-bit operating system, one must install the 64-bit version of PuTTY, i.e. putty-64bit--installer.msi.Similarly, for the 32-bit operating system, the respective 32-bit version of PuTTY, i.e. putty--installer.msi needs to be installed.

To get PuTTY, go to PuTTY Installation Download page, whereby the complete installation package will be available with setup instructions, installation guide, and download links to all other components of PuTTY such as putty.exe, pscp.exe, psftp.exe, puttytel.exe, plink.exe, pageant.exe and putty.zip.


Following the successful download of the PuTTY installation package. It is time to install the program. Go to How to install PuTTY on Windows, whereby you will find the step by step guidance for PuTTY installation for Windows operating system.

After successfully downloading and installing PuTTY on your Windows machine, you are just 2-3 clicks away to run PuTTYgen. Follow the below-given step by step guidance to run PuTTYgen:

Run PuTTYgen on Windows

To run PuTTYgen, Go to Windows -> Start Menu -> All Programs -> PuTTY -> PuTTYgen. You will see a window for the PuTTY Key Generator on your screen.

Voila! Now you can generate public or private key pair using PuTTYgen.

Download PuTTYgen for Mac


Below is the detailed guide to download PuTTYgen on Mac operating system. Mac OS has a built-in command-line SSH client known as Terminal. To utilize it, go to Finder and then opt for Go -> utilities from the top menu. After that find the terminal which supports SSH connections to remote servers.

However, to run PuTTYgen for mac, the first one must have to install PuTTY. There are multiple ways to install PuTTY, which are Homebrew or MacPorts. Both alternatives will also install the command-line of adaptations of PuTTYgen.

Ported PuTTY for Mac

Mac has the port of PuTTY which can be installed in various ways described as below:

  1. Installation using Homebrew:
    First, install the ‘brew command line' Once installed use the below-given command to install PuTTY:-
    sudo brew install putty
  2. Installation using MacPorts:
    First of all, one must install MacPorts and then use the command-line to install PuTTY. Here is the command to install PuTTY via MacPorts
    sudo port install putty
    Additionally, a user can also add a shortcut to the desktop by writing the following command line
    –cp /opt/local/bin/putty ~/Desktop/PuTTY

However, there is an alternative way to install PuTTY on Mac OS. Cyberduck is a widely used Mac OS SSH Client. Once PuTTY installed on the Mac OS, a user can convert PuTTY derived private key format to OpenSSH.

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To convert the private key to standard PEM format, type the following command –

puttygen privatekey.ppk -O private-openssh -o privatekey.pem

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You can also read the guide to convert .pem file to .ppk using puttygen.

Download PuTTYgen for Ubuntu/Linux

To download PuTTYgen for Ubuntu (Linux) operating system, a user to first install PuTTY. However, in some Linux distributions, the SSH key generation tool – PuTTYgen needs to be installed independently from the PuTTY client.

For example, Debian Linux requires the below-given code to install PuTTYgen:

sudo apt install putty-tools

Generate Key Pair for Authentication in Linux

To create the key pair for authentication in Linux use the below command:-

puttygen -t rsa -b 2048 -C 'user@host' -o keyfile.ppk

Various Command Line Options of PuTTY in Linux

Below are few important command line options in the Linux operating system for PuTTY:

PuTTYgen [-t keytype [-b bits] [-q] | keyfile]
[-C new-comment] [-P]
[-O output-type | -p | -l | -L]
[-o output-file]

Options:

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  1. Keyfile – It is the name of the existing key file to read at the time of changing the current key.
  2. –t keytype – The command specifies the type of key to creating. Its acceptable values are RSA and dsa.rsa1.
  3. -b bits – This command specifies a total number of bit in a particular key. 1024 is the perfect size for DSA key, while 2048 or 4096 are the perfect size for RSA keys.
  4. –q – The command suppresses the message about progress at the time of key generation.
  5. -C new-comment – The command will specify the comment to describe the key. It can be used for the new and/or existing key. Key operation is not affected by a comment. However, it is used to recognize the key owner, it's not reliable completely as any value can be applied to it.
  6. –P – Using the command will update the passphrase of a key. Passphrase helps to encrypt the private key. As passphrase can't add or update on a command line, it prompts a new passphrase tool to alter it.
  7. –old-passphrase-file – The old password of the key remains in this file. The command is used when the key is protected by a passphrase.
  8. –new-passphrase file – This command prompts the new passphrase of the key. It comes in the action either at the time of generating a new key or while applying –P command to change the passphrase.
  9. -O output-type – This command defines what to give in output. By default, the private key is the output.

Thus, above are the prominent commands of PuTTYgen in Linux operating system. Besides that, there are many other commands available to perform various tasks from the command prompt in Linux at flank speed.

Mac

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  1. Once you install the PuTTY on your machine, you can easily run PuTTYgen. For the same, go to Windows -> Start Menu -> All Programs -> PuTTY -> PuTTYgen.
  2. You will see the PuTTY key generator dialog box on your screen
  3. You will find a 'Generate' button in that dialog. Clicking on it will lead to generating the keys for you.
  4. Now you will need to add a unique key passphrase in the Key passphrase and Confirm passphrase field.
  5. Click on the 'Save Public Key' and 'Save Private Key' buttons to save your public and private keys.
  6. You will see the text starting with ssh-RSA in the Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys file field which is located at the top of the window. Copy that entire text to your clipboard by pressing ctrl+c as you will require the key to paste on your clipboard in the public key tool of control panel or directly on the cloud server.

Various Ways to Use RSA Key Pair

RSA key pair generated through PuTTYgen is used in two various ways defined as below:

  1. To assign while creating a new cloud server
    You can choose the public key from the given list of keys at the time of creating a cloud server. If you don't find your key in that list, then first add and then assign it.
  2. Assign to an existing cloud server
    At the time of connecting to the cloud server, first of all, you need to tell PuTTY to use it for utilizing your newly created RSA key pair.

PuTTYgen being a component of the terminal emulator PuTTY does not have to be downloaded separately, hence, comes with the PuTTY .msi installation package. You can follow the simple steps to download PuTTYgen software for your system. That is the reason why you don't need to download PuTTYgen separately. Once you download PuTTY software, you will be able to install and run PuTTYgen easily in no time. Below is the complete instruction about how to download and install PuTTY on Windows.

Apart from that, it is also integrated into third-party programs such as WinSCP installation package. Below you can find a complete PuTTYgen download and installation guide for all operating systems.

Download PuTTYgen on Windows

To download PuTTYgen the primary requisite is to acquire the copy of PuTTY installation package. For the 64-bit operating system, one must install the 64-bit version of PuTTY, i.e. putty-64bit--installer.msi.Similarly, for the 32-bit operating system, the respective 32-bit version of PuTTY, i.e. putty--installer.msi needs to be installed.

To get PuTTY, go to PuTTY Installation Download page, whereby the complete installation package will be available with setup instructions, installation guide, and download links to all other components of PuTTY such as putty.exe, pscp.exe, psftp.exe, puttytel.exe, plink.exe, pageant.exe and putty.zip.


Following the successful download of the PuTTY installation package. It is time to install the program. Go to How to install PuTTY on Windows, whereby you will find the step by step guidance for PuTTY installation for Windows operating system.

After successfully downloading and installing PuTTY on your Windows machine, you are just 2-3 clicks away to run PuTTYgen. Follow the below-given step by step guidance to run PuTTYgen:

Run PuTTYgen on Windows

To run PuTTYgen, Go to Windows -> Start Menu -> All Programs -> PuTTY -> PuTTYgen. You will see a window for the PuTTY Key Generator on your screen.

Voila! Now you can generate public or private key pair using PuTTYgen.

Download PuTTYgen for Mac


Below is the detailed guide to download PuTTYgen on Mac operating system. Mac OS has a built-in command-line SSH client known as Terminal. To utilize it, go to Finder and then opt for Go -> utilities from the top menu. After that find the terminal which supports SSH connections to remote servers.

However, to run PuTTYgen for mac, the first one must have to install PuTTY. There are multiple ways to install PuTTY, which are Homebrew or MacPorts. Both alternatives will also install the command-line of adaptations of PuTTYgen.

Ported PuTTY for Mac

Mac has the port of PuTTY which can be installed in various ways described as below:

  1. Installation using Homebrew:
    First, install the ‘brew command line' Once installed use the below-given command to install PuTTY:-
    sudo brew install putty
  2. Installation using MacPorts:
    First of all, one must install MacPorts and then use the command-line to install PuTTY. Here is the command to install PuTTY via MacPorts
    sudo port install putty
    Additionally, a user can also add a shortcut to the desktop by writing the following command line
    –cp /opt/local/bin/putty ~/Desktop/PuTTY

However, there is an alternative way to install PuTTY on Mac OS. Cyberduck is a widely used Mac OS SSH Client. Once PuTTY installed on the Mac OS, a user can convert PuTTY derived private key format to OpenSSH.

Key Generator For Microsoft Office

To convert the private key to standard PEM format, type the following command –

puttygen privatekey.ppk -O private-openssh -o privatekey.pem

You can also read the guide to convert .pem file to .ppk using puttygen.

Download PuTTYgen for Ubuntu/Linux

To download PuTTYgen for Ubuntu (Linux) operating system, a user to first install PuTTY. However, in some Linux distributions, the SSH key generation tool – PuTTYgen needs to be installed independently from the PuTTY client.

For example, Debian Linux requires the below-given code to install PuTTYgen:

sudo apt install putty-tools

Generate Key Pair for Authentication in Linux

To create the key pair for authentication in Linux use the below command:-

puttygen -t rsa -b 2048 -C 'user@host' -o keyfile.ppk

Various Command Line Options of PuTTY in Linux

Below are few important command line options in the Linux operating system for PuTTY:

PuTTYgen [-t keytype [-b bits] [-q] | keyfile]
[-C new-comment] [-P]
[-O output-type | -p | -l | -L]
[-o output-file]

Options:

PuTTYgen Download Guide For Windows, Linux And Mac

  1. Keyfile – It is the name of the existing key file to read at the time of changing the current key.
  2. –t keytype – The command specifies the type of key to creating. Its acceptable values are RSA and dsa.rsa1.
  3. -b bits – This command specifies a total number of bit in a particular key. 1024 is the perfect size for DSA key, while 2048 or 4096 are the perfect size for RSA keys.
  4. –q – The command suppresses the message about progress at the time of key generation.
  5. -C new-comment – The command will specify the comment to describe the key. It can be used for the new and/or existing key. Key operation is not affected by a comment. However, it is used to recognize the key owner, it's not reliable completely as any value can be applied to it.
  6. –P – Using the command will update the passphrase of a key. Passphrase helps to encrypt the private key. As passphrase can't add or update on a command line, it prompts a new passphrase tool to alter it.
  7. –old-passphrase-file – The old password of the key remains in this file. The command is used when the key is protected by a passphrase.
  8. –new-passphrase file – This command prompts the new passphrase of the key. It comes in the action either at the time of generating a new key or while applying –P command to change the passphrase.
  9. -O output-type – This command defines what to give in output. By default, the private key is the output.

Thus, above are the prominent commands of PuTTYgen in Linux operating system. Besides that, there are many other commands available to perform various tasks from the command prompt in Linux at flank speed.

Types of Keys Supported on PuTTYgen

It is important to know the types of key PuTTYgen supports prior to using it. Below are the key types that it currently supports for SSH-2 and SSH-1 protocol:-

Cached

  • SSH-1 protocol:- For SSH-1 only supports one key i.e. Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA)
  • SSH-2 protocol: – SSH-2 supports multiple key types that include – Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) and Ed25519.

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The above description is a detailed brief on downloading and running PuTTYgen on all major operating systems. For further details please check the Download PuTTY page.





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